Knuckle over pasterns—also known as contracted tendons—is a condition where a calf’s pastern joints are flexed abnormally at birth, making it difficult for them to stand or walk. While most calves recover with time, early care and good management practices can improve outcomes and reduce recurrence.
What Causes Contracted Tendons?
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Genetics: Calves with a family history of limb deformities are more likely to be affected. Avoid breeding animals that have shown this condition.
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Growth and Nutrition: Rapid fetal growth late in pregnancy can outpace muscle and tendon development. Balanced nutrition with proper mineral levels is key. Too much energy or protein without enough minerals can increase the risk.
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Size and Gender: Larger calves—especially males—are more likely to be affected due to added pressure on their limbs and limited space in the womb.
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Prolonged Gestation: Calves born past due are often bigger and may develop joint issues due to crowding in the uterus.
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Twins: Smaller or premature twin calves often have underdeveloped joints and are more likely to show signs of contracted tendons.
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High Birth Weights: Heavier calves put more strain on their developing limbs. Managing dam nutrition and selecting for calving ease can help lower the risk.
How to Treat and Manage the Condition
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Mild cases often improve with simple stretching exercises—gently extending the joints several times a day.
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More serious cases may require splints to support proper limb positioning. Both commercial and homemade splints (e.g., from PVC) can work.
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Veterinary support is recommended to assess severity and guide treatment. With care, about 95% of cases improve naturally over time.
Prevention Tips
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Choose breeding stock with no history of limb deformities
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Ensure balanced nutrition during late pregnancy
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Monitor due dates to avoid overdue births
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Manage cow body condition to reduce oversized calves
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Watch twins and large male calves closely at birth
With the right combination of genetics, nutrition, and early care, most calves born with knuckle over pasterns can recover fully and thrive in the herd.
